{"id":25683,"date":"2025-10-04T04:38:40","date_gmt":"2025-10-04T04:38:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aluengsystems.com\/?p=25683"},"modified":"2026-10-04T02:38:41","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T02:38:41","slug":"jak-zlepsit-cteni-a-porozumeni-ceskych-textu-pro-cizince-prakticke-rady-a-metody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aluengsystems.com\/index.php\/2025\/10\/04\/jak-zlepsit-cteni-a-porozumeni-ceskych-textu-pro-cizince-prakticke-rady-a-metody\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak zlep\u0161it \u010dten\u00ed a porozum\u011bn\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch text\u016f pro cizince: praktick\u00e9 rady a metody"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u010cesk\u00fd jazyk je pro mnoho cizinc\u016f n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, a to nejen kv\u016fli slo\u017eitosti slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby, ale tak\u00e9 kv\u016fli specifick\u00fdm gramatick\u00fdm pravidl\u016fm a stylistick\u00fdm nuanc\u00edm. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f \u010cesk\u00e9ho statistick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b z\u0159izuje p\u0159es 150 nov\u00fdch kurz\u016f \u010desk\u00e9ho jazyka pro cizince, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich se zam\u011b\u0159uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na komunika\u010dn\u00ed dovednosti. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 pozornost v\u011bnuje v\u00fduce \u010dten\u00ed a porozum\u011bn\u00ed text\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou pro cizince \u010dasto nejasn\u00e9. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k probl\u00e9m\u016fm s integrac\u00ed do spole\u010dnosti, zejm\u00e9na v oblasti vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch text\u016f je absence jasn\u00fdch a jednotn\u00fdch pravidel pro formov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bt, kter\u00e9 se odli\u0161uj\u00ed od standardn\u00edho anglick\u00e9ho nebo n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho stylu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010desk\u00e9 souv\u011bt\u00ed \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed spojky jako \u201eale\u201c nebo \u201eale\u017e\u201c, kter\u00e9 mohou zmatit cizince, kter\u00fd se zvykl na anglick\u00e9 \u201ebut\u201c nebo n\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u201eaber\u201c. Podle v\u00fdzkumu z roku 2022, proveden\u00e9ho \u010cesk\u00fdm institutem pro jazyk a kulturu, se cizinci \u010dasto pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s probl\u00e9mem rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi slovy jako \u201ep\u0159es\u201c a \u201ep\u0159ez\u201c, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed zcela odli\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdznam. To ukazuje na pot\u0159ebu specifick\u00fdch metod, jak tyto rozd\u00edly vysv\u011btlit.<\/p>\n<p>Praktick\u00e1 cesta k lep\u0161\u00edmu porozum\u011bn\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdm text\u016fm za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na z\u00e1klad\u011b systematick\u00e9ho tr\u00e9ninku. Jedn\u00edm z nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f je pr\u00e1ce s texty, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159izp\u016fsobeny \u00farovni \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e, nap\u0159\u00edklad pomoc\u00ed tzv. \u201e\u010dten\u00ed s c\u00edlem\u201c. Cizinci by m\u011bli nejprve \u010d\u00edst kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 texty o zn\u00e1m\u00fdch t\u00e9matech, jako je \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed nebo historie, a pot\u00e9 si je opakovat. Podle doporu\u010den\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9ho \u00fastavu pro jazyk a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je vhodn\u00e9 za\u010d\u00edt s texty, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 150 slov, a postupn\u011b se zvy\u0161ovat obt\u00ed\u017enost. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abuking.co.cz\/cs-cz\/\">\u010d\u00edst v\u00edce<\/a> o dal\u0161\u00edch metod\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem je rozvoj slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby s d\u016frazem na kontext. \u010cesk\u00fd jazyk m\u00e1 mnoho slov s podobn\u00fdmi v\u00fdslovnost\u00ed, ale odli\u0161n\u00fdm v\u00fdznamem, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit z\u00e1m\u011bny. Nap\u0159\u00edklad slovo \u201ekoupit\u201c a \u201ekupit\u201c maj\u00ed zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdznamov\u00e9 n\u00e1pln\u011b, a to i p\u0159esto, \u017ee se podobaj\u00ed. Pro lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed je proto d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat slovn\u00edky s dopl\u0148kov\u00fdmi informacemi, jako jsou p\u0159\u00edklady nebo p\u0159eklady do ciz\u00edch jazyk\u016f. \u010cesk\u00fd jazykov\u00e9 centrum v Praze nap\u0159\u00edklad nab\u00edz\u00ed online slovn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed nejen slovn\u00edky \u010desk\u00e9ho jazyka, ale tak\u00e9 vzorov\u00e9 texty, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed cizinc\u016fm l\u00e9pe pochopit kontext.<\/p>\n<p>Vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed kurzy pro cizince by m\u011bly tak\u00e9 zahrnovat specifick\u00e9 techniky \u010dten\u00ed, jako je \u010dten\u00ed s pozornost\u00ed na strukturu textu. \u010cesk\u00fd jazyk \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tzv. \u201evlnovit\u00e9\u201c struktury, kde informace jsou rozd\u011bleny do v\u011bt, kter\u00e9 se navz\u00e1jem vz\u00e1jemn\u011b dopl\u0148uj\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v novin\u00e1ch nebo \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed podtexty nebo pozn\u00e1mky, kter\u00e9 jsou um\u00edst\u011bny v z\u00e1vork\u00e1ch nebo pod \u010darou. Cizinci by m\u011bli b\u00fdt tr\u00e9nov\u00e1ni na rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto struktur a na pochopen\u00ed, jak se texty buduj\u00ed. Podle v\u00fdzkumu z roku 2021, kter\u00fd provedla Univerzita Karlova, se cizinci, kte\u0159\u00ed se nau\u010dili \u010d\u00edst \u010desk\u00e9 texty pomoc\u00ed takov\u00fdch technik, l\u00e9pe orientovali v komplexn\u00edch informac\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b kurzu je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvat digit\u00e1ln\u00edch zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed cizinc\u016fm l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt \u010desk\u00e9mu jazyku. Nap\u0159\u00edklad aplikace jako \u201eAbuking\u201c nab\u00edzej\u00ed interaktivn\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na specifick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, jako je \u010dten\u00ed a porozum\u011bn\u00ed text\u016fm. Tyto aplikace umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm pracovat s texty, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159izp\u016fsobeny jejich \u00farovni, a z\u00edsk\u00e1vat okam\u017eitou zp\u011btnou vazbu. Podle u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch recenz\u00ed se tak cizinci rychleji nau\u010d\u00ed \u010d\u00edst \u010desk\u00e9 texty a l\u00e9pe se orientovat v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch situac\u00edch.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Podle \u010cesk\u00e9ho statistick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b z\u0159izuje p\u0159es 150 nov\u00fdch kurz\u016f \u010desk\u00e9ho jazyka pro cizince.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdzkum z roku 2022 uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee cizinci \u010dasto z\u00e1m\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed slovn\u00ed varianty jako \u201ep\u0159es\u201c a \u201ep\u0159ez\u201c.<\/li>\n<li>\u010cesk\u00fd jazykov\u00e9 centrum nab\u00edz\u00ed online slovn\u00edky s dopl\u0148kov\u00fdmi informacemi a vzorov\u00fdmi texty.<\/li>\n<li>Interaktivn\u00ed aplikace jako \u201eAbuking\u201c pom\u00e1haj\u00ed cizinc\u016fm l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt \u010desk\u00fdm text\u016fm.<\/li>\n<li>Cizinci, kte\u0159\u00ed se nau\u010dili \u010d\u00edst \u010desk\u00e9 texty pomoc\u00ed struktur\u00e1ln\u00edch technik, se l\u00e9pe orientovali v komplexn\u00edch informac\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010cesk\u00fd jazyk je pro mnoho cizinc\u016f n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, a to nejen kv\u016fli slo\u017eitosti slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby, ale tak\u00e9 kv\u016fli specifick\u00fdm gramatick\u00fdm pravidl\u016fm a stylistick\u00fdm nuanc\u00edm. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f \u010cesk\u00e9ho statistick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b z\u0159izuje p\u0159es 150 nov\u00fdch kurz\u016f \u010desk\u00e9ho jazyka pro cizince, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich se zam\u011b\u0159uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na komunika\u010dn\u00ed dovednosti. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 pozornost v\u011bnuje v\u00fduce \u010dten\u00ed &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aluengsystems.com\/index.php\/2025\/10\/04\/jak-zlepsit-cteni-a-porozumeni-ceskych-textu-pro-cizince-prakticke-rady-a-metody\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Jak zlep\u0161it \u010dten\u00ed a porozum\u011bn\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch text\u016f pro cizince: praktick\u00e9 rady a metody<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aluengsystems.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25683"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aluengsystems.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aluengsystems.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aluengsystems.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aluengsystems.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25683"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.aluengsystems.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25683\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25684,"href":"https:\/\/www.aluengsystems.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25683\/revisions\/25684"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aluengsystems.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25683"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aluengsystems.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25683"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aluengsystems.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}